WHO Digital Documentation of COVID-19 Certificates (DDCC)
1.0.0 - CI Build International flag

WHO Digital Documentation of COVID-19 Certificates (DDCC), published by WHO. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/WorldHealthOrganization/ddcc/tree/main and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: DDCC Questionniare ( Abstract )

Official URL: http://smart.who.int/ddcc/StructureDefinition/DDCCQuestionnaire Version: 1.0.0
Draft as of 2025-03-10 Computable Name: DDCCQuestionnaire

Describes the logical structure for a questionnaire associacted to a DDCC which includes a Structure Map to generate the relevant DDCC from a given DDCC QuestionnaireResponse which responds to the DDCC Questionnaire.

Usage:

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Questionnaire C 0..* SDCQuestionnaireExtractStructureMap This is an abstract profile.
Extractable Questionnaire - StructureMap
dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management
que-0: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation
que-2: The link ids for groups and questions must be unique within the questionnaire
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... Slices for extension 1..* Extension Extension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
.... extension:designNote 0..1 markdown Design comments
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/designNote
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
.... extension:terminologyServer 0..* url Preferred terminology server
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-preferredTerminologyServer
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
.... extension:performerType S 0..* code Resource that can record answers to this Questionnaire
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-performerType
Binding: Questionnaire Performer Type (required): Resources that can record answers to a questionnaire.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
.... extension:assemble-expectation S 0..1 code Questionnaire is modular
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-assemble-expectation
Binding: Questionnaire Assemble Expectation (required)
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
.... extension:targetStructureMap S 1..* canonical(StructureMap) Map to artifacts that can be populated from this Questionnaire
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-targetStructureMap
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
... version SΣ 0..1 string Business version of the questionnaire
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... title SΣ 0..1 string Name for this questionnaire (human friendly)
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... status ?!SΣ 1..1 code draft | active | retired | unknown
Binding: PublicationStatus (required): The lifecycle status of an artifact.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... subjectType SΣ 0..* code Resource that can be subject of QuestionnaireResponse
Binding: ResourceType (required): One of the resource types defined as part of this version of FHIR.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... item SC 0..* BackboneElement Questions and sections within the Questionnaire
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
que-1: Group items must have nested items, display items cannot have nested items
que-3: Display items cannot have a "code" asserted
que-4: A question cannot have both answerOption and answerValueSet
que-5: Only 'choice' and 'open-choice' items can have answerValueSet
que-6: Required and repeat aren't permitted for display items
que-8: Initial values can't be specified for groups or display items
que-9: Read-only can't be specified for "display" items
que-10: Maximum length can only be declared for simple question types
que-11: If one or more answerOption is present, initial[x] must be missing
que-12: If there are more than one enableWhen, enableBehavior must be specified
que-13: Can only have multiple initial values for repeating items
sdc-1: An item cannot have an answerExpression if answerOption or answerValueSet is already present.
.... Slices for extension Content/Rules for all slices
..... extension:designNote 0..1 markdown Design comments
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/designNote
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
..... extension:terminologyServer 0..* url Preferred terminology server
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-preferredTerminologyServer
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
..... extension:unit S 0..1 Coding Unit for numeric answer
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-unit
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
..... extension:itemHidden 0..1 boolean Don't display to user
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-hidden
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
..... extension:isSubject 0..1 boolean Marks that this item identifies a different subject
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-isSubject
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
.... linkId S 1..1 string Unique id for item in questionnaire
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... prefix S 0..1 string E.g. "1(a)", "2.5.3"
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... text S 0..1 string Primary text for the item
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... type S 1..1 code group | display | boolean | decimal | integer | date | dateTime +
Binding: QuestionnaireItemType (required): Distinguishes groups from questions and display text and indicates data type for questions.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... enableWhen ?!C 0..* BackboneElement Only allow data when
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
que-7: If the operator is 'exists', the value must be a boolean
..... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
..... question 1..1 string Question that determines whether item is enabled
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
..... operator 1..1 code exists | = | != | > | < | >= | <=
Binding: QuestionnaireItemOperator (required): The criteria by which a question is enabled.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
..... answer[x] C 1..1 Value for question comparison based on operator
Binding: QuestionnaireAnswerCodes (example): Allowed values to answer questions.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
...... answerBoolean boolean
...... answerDecimal decimal
...... answerInteger integer
...... answerDate date
...... answerDateTime dateTime
...... answerTime time
...... answerString string
...... answerCoding Coding
...... answerQuantity Quantity
...... answerReference Reference(Resource)
.... required SC 0..1 boolean Whether the item must be included in data results
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... repeats SC 0..1 boolean Whether the item may repeat
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... readOnly SC 0..1 boolean Don't allow human editing
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... maxLength SC 0..1 integer No more than this many characters
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... answerValueSet SC 0..1 canonical(SDC ValueSet) Valueset containing permitted answers
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... answerOption SC 0..* BackboneElement Permitted answer
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
..... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
..... value[x] 1..1 Answer value
Binding: QuestionnaireAnswerCodes (example): Allowed values to answer questions.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
...... valueInteger integer
...... valueDate date
...... valueTime time
...... valueString string
...... valueCoding Coding
...... valueReference Reference(Resource)
.... initial SC 0..* BackboneElement Initial value(s) when item is first rendered
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
..... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
..... value[x] S 1..1 Actual value for initializing the question
Binding: QuestionnaireAnswerCodes (example): Allowed values to answer questions.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
...... valueBoolean boolean
...... valueDecimal decimal
...... valueInteger integer
...... valueDate date
...... valueDateTime dateTime
...... valueTime time
...... valueString string
...... valueUri uri
...... valueAttachment Attachment
...... valueCoding Coding
...... valueQuantity Quantity
...... valueReference Reference(Resource)
.... item SC 0..* See item (Questionnaire) Nested questionnaire items
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSetURI
Questionnaire.statusrequiredPublicationStatus
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/publication-status|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Questionnaire.subjectTyperequiredResourceType
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Questionnaire.item.typerequiredQuestionnaireItemType
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/item-type|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operatorrequiredQuestionnaireItemOperator
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-enable-operator|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x]exampleQuestionnaireAnswerCodes (a valid code from SNOMED CT)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
from the FHIR Standard
Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]exampleQuestionnaireAnswerCodes (a valid code from SNOMED CT)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
from the FHIR Standard
Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x]exampleQuestionnaireAnswerCodes (a valid code from SNOMED CT)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
dom-2errorQuestionnaireIf the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources
: contained.contained.empty()
dom-3errorQuestionnaireIf the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource
: contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4errorQuestionnaireIf a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated
: contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5errorQuestionnaireIf a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label
: contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6best practiceQuestionnaireA resource should have narrative for robust management
: text.`div`.exists()
ele-1error**ALL** elementsAll FHIR elements must have a @value or children
: hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1error**ALL** extensionsMust have either extensions or value[x], not both
: extension.exists() != value.exists()
que-0warningQuestionnaireName should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation
: name.matches('[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}')
que-1errorQuestionnaire.itemGroup items must have nested items, display items cannot have nested items
: (type='group' implies item.empty().not()) and (type.trace('type')='display' implies item.trace('item').empty())
que-2errorQuestionnaireThe link ids for groups and questions must be unique within the questionnaire
: descendants().linkId.isDistinct()
que-3errorQuestionnaire.itemDisplay items cannot have a "code" asserted
: type!='display' or code.empty()
que-4errorQuestionnaire.itemA question cannot have both answerOption and answerValueSet
: answerOption.empty() or answerValueSet.empty()
que-5errorQuestionnaire.itemOnly 'choice' and 'open-choice' items can have answerValueSet
: (type ='choice' or type = 'open-choice' or type = 'decimal' or type = 'integer' or type = 'date' or type = 'dateTime' or type = 'time' or type = 'string' or type = 'quantity') or (answerValueSet.empty() and answerOption.empty())
que-6errorQuestionnaire.itemRequired and repeat aren't permitted for display items
: type!='display' or (required.empty() and repeats.empty())
que-7errorQuestionnaire.item.enableWhenIf the operator is 'exists', the value must be a boolean
: operator = 'exists' implies (answer is Boolean)
que-8errorQuestionnaire.itemInitial values can't be specified for groups or display items
: (type!='group' and type!='display') or initial.empty()
que-9errorQuestionnaire.itemRead-only can't be specified for "display" items
: type!='display' or readOnly.empty()
que-10errorQuestionnaire.itemMaximum length can only be declared for simple question types
: (type in ('boolean' | 'decimal' | 'integer' | 'string' | 'text' | 'url' | 'open-choice')) or maxLength.empty()
que-11errorQuestionnaire.itemIf one or more answerOption is present, initial[x] must be missing
: answerOption.empty() or initial.empty()
que-12errorQuestionnaire.itemIf there are more than one enableWhen, enableBehavior must be specified
: enableWhen.count() > 2 implies enableBehavior.exists()
que-13errorQuestionnaire.itemCan only have multiple initial values for repeating items
: repeats=true or initial.count() <= 1
sdc-1errorQuestionnaire.itemAn item cannot have an answerExpression if answerOption or answerValueSet is already present.
: extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-answerExpression').empty().not() implies (answerOption.empty() and answerValueSet.empty())

 

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron