WHO Immunization Implementation Guide
0.1.0 - CI Build
WHO Immunization Implementation Guide
0.1.0 - CI Build
WHO Immunization Implementation Guide, published by World Health Organization (WHO). This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/WorldHealthOrganization/smart-immunizations and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
Key concepts and abbreviations are described here. Additional terms are defined in the Glossary and List of Abbreviations in the WHO Digital Adaptation Kit: SMART Guidelines for Immunizations (link forthcoming), as well as in the WHO Digital Documentation of COVID-19 Certificates FHIR Implementation Guide.
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code (ATC) | A unique code assigned to a medicine according to the organ or system it works on and how it works. |
| Certificate | A document attesting a fact. In the context of the vaccination certificate, it attests to the fact that a vaccine has been administered to an individual. |
| Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) | Clinical practice guidelines are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options. |
| Clinical Quality Language (CQL) | This is a HL7 specification for the expression of clinical knowledge that can be used within both the Clinical Decision Support (CDS) and Clinical Quality Measurement (CQM) domains. |
| Data dictionary | A centralized repository of information about the data elements that contains their definition, relationships, origin, usage, and type of data. For this digital adaptation kit, the data dictionary is provided as a spreadsheet. |
| Data element | A unit of data that has specific and precise meaning. |
| Defaulter | A person who has missed the scheduled dose of a vaccine. |
| Electronic Immunization Registry (EIR) | See Immunization Information System (IIS). |
| Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) | A standard describing data formats and elements and an application programming interface for exchanging electronic health records. |
| Functional requirement | Capabilities the system must have in order to meet the end-users’ needs and achieve tasks within the business process. |
| Immunization Information System (IIS) | Also called an Electronic Immunization Registry (EIR). Serves as a digital tracking and decision-support tool. IIS facilitate monitoring and tracking of individual immunization schedules and contain individuals’ immunization histories; supporting health workers to determine whether an individual is up to date on their immunization schedule and whether that individual has been vaccinated in a timely manner. |
| Implementation Guide (IG) | A set of rules about how FHIR resources are used (or should be used) to solve a particular problem, with associated documentation to support and clarify the usage. This IG is based on WHO guidance, as it is represented in the Digital Adaptation Kit: SMART Guidelines for Immunizations, to support the adoption of open standards for interoperability. |
| Indicator | Summary measures that capture relevant information on different attributes and dimensions of health status and performance of a health system. |
| International Patient Summary (IPS) | An electronic health record extract containing essential healthcare information about a client. |
| Non-functional requirement | General attributes and features of the digital system to ensure usability and overcome technical and physical constraints. Examples of non-functional requirements include ability to work offline, multiple language settings, and password protection. |
| Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms Global Patient Set (SNOMED CT GPS) | A systematically organized computer-processable collection of medical terms providing codes, terms, synonyms and definitions used in clinical documentation and reporting. |
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| BPMN | Business Process Model and Notation |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CDS | Clinical decision support |
| CHW | Community health worker |
| CQL | Clinical Quality Language |
| DAK | Digital Adaptation Kit |
| DE | Data element |
| DMN | Decision Model and Notation |
| DT | Decision support table |
| DTDS | Digital tracking and decision support |
| ED | Event-driven |
| eHealth | Electronic health |
| EIR | Electronic immunization registry |
| EMR | Electronic medical record |
| EPI | Expanded Programme on Immunization |
| FHIR | Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources |
| HW | Health Worker |
| HL7 | Health Level Seven International |
| HMIS | Health management information system |
| ICD | International Classification of Diseases |
| ICD-11 | International Classification of Diseases (version 11) |
| ICF | International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health |
| ICHI | International Classification of Health Interventions |
| ID | Identification |
| IG | Implementation guide |
| IHE | Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise |
| IIS | Immunization Information System |
| ISCO | International Standard for Classification of Occupations |
| ITU | International Telecommunication Union |
| LOINC | Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes |
| M&E | Monitoring and Evaluation |
| MAPS | mHealth Assessment and Planning for Scale |
| mHealth | Mobile Health |
| MOH | Ministry of Health |
| NMFL | National Master Facility List |
| NFXNREQ | Non-functional requirement |
| OpenHIE | Open Health Information Exchange |
| PrEP | pre-exposure prophylaxis |
| SMART | Standards-based, Machine-readable, Adaptive, Requirements-based and Testable |
| SNOMED CT | Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms |
| VVM | Vaccine Vial Monitor |
| WHO | World Health Organization |