Generated Narrative: CodeSystem ISCO08 Properties This code system defines the following properties for its concepts Name Code Type Description definition definition string Definition of the ISCO-08 code Concepts This case-sensitive code system http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/ defines the following codes: Code Display definition 0 Armed Forces Occupations Armed forces occupations include all jobs held by members of the armed forces. 1 Managers Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. 2 Professionals Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. 3 Technicians and Associate Professionals Technicians and associate professionals perform mostly technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. 4 Clerical Support Workers Clerical support workers record, organise, store, compute and retrieve information, and perform a number of clerical duties. 5 Service and Sales Workers Service and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, protection against fire and unlawful acts; or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments. 6 Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, gather wild fruits and plants, breed, tend or hunt animals, produce a variety of animal husbandry products, cultivate, conserve and exploit forests, breed or catch fish, cultivate or gather other forms of aquatic life. 7 Craft and Related Trades Workers Craft and related trades workers apply specific knowledge and skills to construct and maintain buildings, form metal, erect metal structures, set machine tools, and fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools. 8 Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers Plant and machine operators and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control, drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment, or assemble products from component parts. 9 Elementary Occupations Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. 11 Chief Executives, Senior Officials and Legislators Chief executives, senior officials and legislators formulate government policy, exercise governmental functions, direct the activities of enterprises and organizations, and act as representatives of the people. 12 Administrative and Commercial Managers Administrative and commercial managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations. 13 Production and Specialised Services Managers Production and specialised services managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the activities of production and specialised service operations. 14 Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers Hospitality, retail and other services managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the activities of hospitality, retail and other service operations. 21 Science and Engineering Professionals Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, and apply knowledge of the physical sciences, mathematics, engineering and technology. 22 Health Professionals Health professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, and apply knowledge of medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy and health promotion to diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans. 23 Teaching Professionals Teaching professionals plan, direct and undertake the teaching of children, students and adults at different educational levels. 24 Business and Administration Professionals Business and administration professionals plan, organize, direct and coordinate the activities of business and administration. 25 Information and Communications Technology Professionals Information and communications technology professionals conduct research, plan, design, develop, implement, manage and maintain information and communications technology systems. 26 Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, develop concepts and methodologies in legal, social and cultural fields, and apply these concepts and techniques. 31 Science and Engineering Associate Professionals Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and the application of concepts and operational methods in the physical sciences, earth sciences, engineering and technology. 32 Health Associate Professionals Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans, and to assist health professionals. 33 Business and Administration Associate Professionals Business and administration associate professionals perform technical tasks related to the practical application of concepts and operational methods in business and administration. 34 Legal, Social, Cultural and Related Associate Professionals Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals perform technical tasks related to the practical application of concepts and operational methods related to law, social work, culture, sports and religion. 35 Information and Communications Technicians Information and communications technicians install, maintain and control information and communications technology systems. 41 General and Keyboard Clerks General and keyboard clerks record, organize, store, compute and retrieve information, and perform clerical duties. 42 Customer Services Clerks Customer services clerks deal directly with clients concerning money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information and appointments. 43 Numerical and Material Recording Clerks Numerical and material recording clerks record and retrieve numerical data and information. 44 Other Clerical Support Workers Other clerical support workers perform clerical tasks not elsewhere classified. 51 Personal Service Workers Personal service workers provide personal services related to travel, housekeeping, catering and personal care. 52 Sales Workers Sales workers sell goods in wholesale and retail establishments and provide sales-related services. 53 Personal Care Workers Personal care workers provide care and support to people in need of care due to age, illness, injury, disability or other conditions. 54 Protective Services Workers Protective services workers provide protection against fire and unlawful acts. 61 Market-oriented Skilled Agricultural Workers Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, gather wild fruits and plants, breed, tend or hunt animals, and produce a variety of animal husbandry products, primarily for sale or delivery to purchasers. 62 Market-oriented Skilled Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers cultivate, conserve and exploit forests, breed or catch fish, hunt wild animals, primarily for sale or delivery to purchasers. 63 Subsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Gatherers Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, tend animals, catch fish, gather wild fruits and plants or hunt animals principally for own consumption and that of their households. 71 Building and Related Trades Workers, Excluding Electricians Building and related trades workers, excluding electricians, construct, maintain and repair buildings and other structures using traditional and modern building techniques and materials. 72 Metal, Machinery and Related Trades Workers Metal, machinery and related trades workers form, shape, assemble, maintain and repair metal constructions, machinery, tools and related equipment. 73 Handicraft and Printing Workers Handicraft and printing workers plan, design and make handicrafts and printing products. 74 Electrical and Electronic Trades Workers Electrical and electronic trades workers fit, install, repair and maintain electrical and electronic equipment. 75 Food Processing, Wood Working, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers process food, work with wood, make garments and perform other craft activities. 81 Stationary Plant and Machine Operators Stationary plant and machine operators operate and monitor large industrial machinery and equipment. 82 Assemblers Assemblers assemble finished products from component parts. 83 Drivers and Mobile Plant Operators Drivers and mobile plant operators drive motor vehicles and operate mobile machinery and equipment. 91 Cleaners and Helpers Cleaners and helpers clean and maintain premises and equipment, and provide various support services. 92 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers perform simple and routine tasks related to agriculture, forestry and fishery. 93 Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine tasks related to mining, construction, manufacturing and transport. 94 Food Preparation Assistants Food preparation assistants perform simple tasks related to food preparation and service. 95 Street and Related Sales and Service Workers Street and related sales and service workers provide various goods and services in streets and other public places. 96 Refuse Workers and Other Elementary Workers Refuse workers and other elementary workers collect and dispose of refuse and perform other elementary tasks. 111 Legislators and Senior Officials Legislators and senior officials formulate government policy, laws, and regulations; oversee their implementation; and represent the people as elected representatives. 112 Managing Directors and Chief Executives Managing directors and chief executives plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations. 121 Business Services and Administration Managers Business services and administration managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate business services and administration activities. 122 Sales, Marketing and Development Managers Sales, marketing and development managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the sales, marketing and development activities of enterprises and organizations. 211 Physical and Earth Science Professionals Physical and earth science professionals conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in the physical and earth sciences. 212 Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories, concepts and methods. 213 Life Science Professionals Life science professionals conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in the life sciences. 214 Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology) Engineering professionals (excluding electrotechnology) research, design, develop and improve materials, products, machines, installations and processes. 215 Electrotechnology Engineers Electrotechnology engineers research, design, develop and improve electrical and electronic systems, machines, installations and products. 216 Architects, Planners, Surveyors and Designers Architects, planners, surveyors and designers plan and design landscapes, buildings, infrastructure, interiors and objects. 221 Medical Doctors Medical doctors study, diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine. 222 Nursing and Midwifery Professionals Nursing and midwifery professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate nursing and midwifery care services for patients and the community. 223 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals Traditional and complementary medicine professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate traditional and complementary health care and treatment. 224 Paramedical Practitioners Paramedical practitioners provide technical support to medical doctors, nursing and midwifery professionals and other health professionals. 225 Veterinarians Veterinarians diagnose, treat and prevent illness, injury and dysfunction in animals. 226 Other Health Professionals Other health professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate health care and treatment not elsewhere classified. 231 University and Higher Education Teachers University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher education institution. 232 Vocational Education Teachers Vocational education teachers organize and provide instruction to students in one or more subjects at technical and vocational education levels. 233 Secondary Education Teachers Secondary education teachers organize and provide instruction to students in one or more subjects at secondary education level. 234 Primary School and Early Childhood Teachers Primary school and early childhood teachers organize and provide instruction designed to give students a sound basic education in reading, writing and mathematics and an elementary understanding of other subjects. 235 Other Teaching Professionals Other teaching professionals provide non-formal education for adults and young people outside the formal education system and other teaching services. 311 Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Physical and engineering science technicians perform technical tasks to support physical and engineering science professionals in their research and in the practical application of their knowledge and techniques. 312 Mining, Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors Mining, manufacturing and construction supervisors coordinate and supervise the activities of workers in the fields of mining, manufacturing and construction. 313 Process Control Technicians Process control technicians operate sophisticated equipment to monitor and control industrial production processes. 314 Life Science Technicians and Related Associate Professionals Life science technicians and related associate professionals perform technical tasks to support life science professionals in their research activities and in the practical application of their knowledge and techniques. 315 Ship and Aircraft Controllers and Technicians Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians control ship and aircraft movements and perform technical tasks related to the operation of ships and aircraft. 321 Medical and Pharmaceutical Technicians Medical and pharmaceutical technicians perform technical tasks to support medical doctors and other health professionals in diagnosing, treating and preventing illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans. 322 Nursing and Midwifery Associate Professionals Nursing and midwifery associate professionals provide basic nursing and midwifery care, treatment and support services under the guidance of nursing and midwifery professionals and medical doctors. 323 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals provide traditional and complementary health care, treatment and support services under the guidance of traditional and complementary medicine professionals. 324 Veterinary Technicians and Assistants Veterinary technicians and assistants provide technical and practical support to veterinarians in their professional duties. 325 Other Health Associate Professionals Other health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support health professionals in areas not elsewhere classified. 411 General Office Clerks General office clerks perform a range of clerical and administrative tasks in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, and appointments. 412 Secretaries (general) Secretaries (general) perform a variety of administrative and clerical tasks in connection with the day-to-day running of an office or organization. 413 Keyboard Operators Keyboard operators enter, update and retrieve electronic data and information using computer keyboards and other data entry devices. 511 Travel Attendants, Conductors and Guides Travel attendants, conductors and guides provide personal services to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on aircraft, ships, trains, buses and other vehicles. 512 Cooks Cooks prepare and cook food in restaurants, cafeterias, hospitals and other establishments. 513 Waiters and Bartenders Waiters and bartenders serve food and beverages in restaurants, bars, cafeterias and other eating and drinking establishments. 514 Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related Workers Hairdressers, beauticians and related workers provide hairdressing, beauty treatment and related personal services. 515 Building and Housekeeping Supervisors Building and housekeeping supervisors coordinate and supervise the activities of building caretakers and housekeeping staff. 516 Other Personal Services Workers Other personal services workers provide personal services not elsewhere classified. 711 Building Frame and Related Trades Workers Building frame and related trades workers construct, erect, install, maintain and repair building frames and related structures made of wood, steel, concrete and other materials. 712 Building Finishers and Related Trades Workers Building finishers and related trades workers apply finishes to building interiors and exteriors and install fixtures and fittings. 713 Painters, Building Structure Cleaners and Related Trades Workers Painters, building structure cleaners and related trades workers paint buildings and other structures, and clean exterior surfaces of buildings and other structures. 811 Mining and Mineral Processing Plant Operators Mining and mineral processing plant operators operate and monitor machinery and equipment used to extract solid minerals from the earth and to process mined materials. 812 Metal Processing and Finishing Plant Operators Metal processing and finishing plant operators operate and monitor machinery and equipment to process and finish metal products. 813 Chemical and Photographic Products Plant and Machine Operators Chemical and photographic products plant and machine operators operate and monitor machinery and equipment to produce chemical and photographic products. 911 Domestic, Hotel and Office Cleaners and Helpers Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers clean and maintain private households, hotels, offices and other commercial and industrial establishments. 912 Vehicle, Window, Laundry and Other Hand Cleaning Workers Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers wash or dry-clean textiles, fur and leather products, clean vehicles, windows and other surfaces by hand. 913 Helpers in Food Preparation Helpers in food preparation assist in the preparation of food and beverages for immediate consumption. 1111 Legislators Legislators research, draft, debate and vote on the enactment of laws and policy; represent the electorate and perform related tasks. 1112 Senior Government Officials Senior government officials formulate and administer government policy and regulations; ensure their implementation and advise government; and represent government in negotiations and at official functions. 1113 Traditional Chiefs and Heads of Villages Traditional chiefs and heads of villages lead and represent communities according to traditional custom and practice; act as custodians of traditional culture and values. 1114 Senior Officials of Special-Interest Organizations Senior officials of special-interest organizations formulate and administer the policies and programs of special-interest organizations. 1120 Managing Directors and Chief Executives Managing directors and chief executives plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations. 1211 Finance Managers Finance managers plan, direct and coordinate financial activities and services within an organization. 1212 Human Resource Managers Human resource managers plan, direct and coordinate human resource management activities within an organization. 1213 Policy and Planning Managers Policy and planning managers plan, direct and coordinate policy development and strategic planning activities within an organization. 1219 Business Services and Administration Managers Not Elsewhere Classified This unit group covers Business Services and Administration Managers not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 121 Business Services and Administration Managers. 1221 Sales and Marketing Managers Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and coordinate sales and marketing activities. 1222 Advertising and Public Relations Managers Advertising and public relations managers plan, direct and coordinate advertising and public relations activities. 1223 Research and Development Managers Research and development managers plan, direct and coordinate research and development activities of an enterprise or organization. 2111 Physicists and Astronomers Physicists and astronomers conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in physics and astronomy. 2112 Meteorologists Meteorologists study and forecast weather and atmospheric conditions. 2113 Chemists Chemists conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in chemistry. 2114 Geologists and Geophysicists Geologists and geophysicists conduct research on the composition, structure and other physical aspects of the Earth. 2120 Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories, concepts and methods. 2131 Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists and Related Professionals Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals study living organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment. 2132 Farming, Forestry and Fisheries Advisers Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers study and develop techniques for increasing productivity of farms, forests and fisheries. 2133 Environmental Protection Professionals Environmental protection professionals study and assess the effects of human activities on the environment and develop plans and solutions to prevent or solve environmental problems. 2141 Industrial and Production Engineers Industrial and production engineers design, organize and improve industrial production systems and processes. 2142 Civil Engineers Civil engineers design, plan and organize the construction and maintenance of buildings, roads, bridges and other civil engineering structures. 2143 Environmental Engineers Environmental engineers apply principles of engineering, soil science, biology and chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems. 2144 Mechanical Engineers Mechanical engineers design, develop, test and oversee the production of mechanical devices, systems and processes. 2145 Chemical Engineers Chemical engineers design, develop and oversee industrial processes that involve the transformation of raw materials into useful products. 2146 Mining Engineers, Metallurgists and Related Professionals Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals design and develop techniques and equipment for extracting, treating and processing metals and minerals. 2149 Engineering Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified This unit group covers engineering professionals not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 214. 2151 Electrical Engineers Electrical engineers design, develop and supervise the installation, operation and maintenance of electrical systems for power generation, transmission and distribution. 2152 Electronics Engineers Electronics engineers design, develop and supervise the installation, operation and maintenance of electronic systems and equipment. 2153 Telecommunications Engineers Telecommunications engineers design, develop and supervise the installation, operation and maintenance of telecommunications systems and equipment. 2161 Building Architects Building architects plan and design buildings and advise on the construction, renovation and restoration of buildings. 2162 Landscape Architects Landscape architects plan and design the use of available space for parks, recreational facilities, highways, airports and other properties. 2163 Product and Garment Designers Product and garment designers design and develop manufactured products and garments. 2164 Town and Traffic Planners Town and traffic planners develop plans and policies for the use of land and the growth and renewal of urban, rural and regional areas. 2165 Cartographers and Surveyors Cartographers and surveyors collect, analyze, interpret and map geographic information. 2166 Graphic and Multimedia Designers Graphic and multimedia designers design and develop graphic and multimedia material for use in publications, displays, advertising material, film and television productions, games and websites. 2211 Generalist Medical Practitioners Generalist medical practitioners diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans. 2212 Specialist Medical Practitioners Specialist medical practitioners diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans, using specialized knowledge and skills in a particular area of medicine. 2221 Nursing Professionals Nursing professionals provide treatment, support and care services for people who are in need of nursing care due to the effects of ageing, injury, illness or other physical or mental impairment, or potential risks to health. 2222 Midwifery Professionals Midwifery professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate midwifery care services before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. 2230 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals Traditional and complementary medicine professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate traditional and complementary health care and treatment. 2240 Paramedical Practitioners Paramedical practitioners provide technical support to medical doctors, nursing and midwifery professionals and other health professionals. 2250 Veterinarians Veterinarians diagnose, treat and prevent illness, injury and dysfunction in animals. 2261 Dentists Dentists diagnose, treat and prevent diseases, injuries and other impairments of teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues. 2262 Pharmacists Pharmacists prepare and dispense medicinal drugs and pharmaceutical preparations. 2263 Environmental and Occupational Health and Hygiene Professionals Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals assess, plan and implement programs to identify, prevent and control environmental factors that may affect human health. 2264 Physiotherapists Physiotherapists assess, plan and implement rehabilitative programs to improve or restore human motor functions, maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, and treat or prevent physical challenges. 2265 Dietitians and Nutritionists Dietitians and nutritionists plan and conduct food and nutrition programs to assist in the promotion of health and control of disease. 2266 Audiologists and Speech Therapists Audiologists and speech therapists develop, plan and implement programs for the treatment of speech, language, voice, communication and swallowing disorders. 2267 Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians test eyes and vision, diagnose vision problems and eye diseases, and design, fit, dispense and repair corrective lenses and frames. 2269 Health Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified This unit group covers health professionals not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 226. 3111 Chemical and Physical Science Technicians Chemical and physical science technicians conduct tests and experiments, and provide technical support to physical and earth science professionals. 3112 Civil Engineering Technicians Civil engineering technicians provide technical support and services to civil engineers in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of civil engineering structures and systems. 3113 Electrical Engineering Technicians Electrical engineering technicians provide technical support and services to electrical engineers in the design, development, installation, operation and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment. 3114 Electronics Engineering Technicians Electronics engineering technicians provide technical support and services to electronics engineers in the design, development, installation, operation and maintenance of electronic systems and equipment. 3115 Mechanical Engineering Technicians Mechanical engineering technicians provide technical support and services to mechanical engineers in the design, development, production and testing of mechanical machinery and equipment. 3116 Chemical Engineering Technicians Chemical engineering technicians provide technical support and services to chemical engineers and assist in chemical research, development and production. 3117 Mining and Metallurgical Technicians Mining and metallurgical technicians provide technical support to mining engineers and metallurgists and assist in the development, testing and operation of mining and metallurgical processes and equipment. 3118 Draughtspersons Draughtspersons prepare detailed technical drawings, plans and diagrams based on sketches and specifications prepared by engineers, architects and designers. 3119 Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified This unit group covers physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 311. 4110 General Office Clerks General office clerks perform a range of clerical and administrative tasks in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, and appointments. 4120 Secretaries (general) Secretaries (general) perform a variety of administrative and clerical tasks in connection with the day-to-day running of an office or organization. 4131 Typists and Word Processing Operators Typists and word processing operators use typewriters, personal computers or word processing equipment to transcribe and type correspondence, reports, manuscripts and other documents. 4132 Data Entry Clerks Data entry clerks enter coded, statistical, financial and other numerical data into electronic equipment using keyboards or optical scanning devices. 5111 Travel Attendants and Travel Stewards Travel attendants and travel stewards provide personal services to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on aircraft, ships, trains, buses and other vehicles. 5112 Transport Conductors Transport conductors collect fares and tickets, control access to transport vehicles, and ensure order and safety in public transport operations. 5113 Travel Guides Travel guides organize and conduct tours for individuals and groups within and between cities, regional areas and countries. 6111 Field Crop and Vegetable Growers Field crop and vegetable growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field crops and vegetables. 6112 Tree and Shrub Crop Growers Tree and shrub crop growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest tree and shrub crops. 6113 Gardeners, Horticultural and Nursery Growers Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers grow and care for plants in gardens and commercial nurseries. 6114 Mixed Crop Growers Mixed crop growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest a variety of field crops, vegetables and tree and shrub crops. 7111 House Builders House builders construct, maintain and repair houses and similar small buildings using either traditional or modern building techniques and materials. 7112 Bricklayers and Related Workers Bricklayers and related workers lay bricks, concrete blocks, stone and similar materials to construct or repair walls, foundations, partitions, arches and related structures. 7113 Stonemasons, Stone Cutters, Splitters and Carvers Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers cut, shape, dress and carve stone for building, ornamental, monumental and other purposes. 7114 Concrete Placers, Concrete Finishers and Related Workers Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers place and finish concrete for foundations, floors, roads and other structures. 8111 Miners and Quarriers Miners and quarriers extract solid minerals from underground or surface mines and quarries. 8112 Mineral and Stone Processing Plant Operators Mineral and stone processing plant operators operate and monitor machinery to crush, grind, mix and treat extracted minerals and stone. 8113 Well Drillers and Borers and Related Workers Well drillers and borers and related workers operate and monitor machinery to drill wells and boreholes for the extraction of crude oil, natural gas, water and other liquids or gases, or for other purposes. 9111 Domestic Cleaners and Helpers Domestic cleaners and helpers sweep or vacuum, wash and polish, make beds, and undertake other domestic duties in private households. 9112 Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments clean and maintain offices, hotels and other commercial and industrial establishments. 9211 Crop Farm Labourers Crop farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in support of agricultural activities such as planting, tending and harvesting crops. 9212 Livestock Farm Labourers Livestock farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in support of animal husbandry activities. 9213 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm Labourers Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in support of mixed farming activities involving both crops and livestock.
International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008
ISCO-08 codes from the International Labour Organization official classification
© International Labour Organization 2008
Armed forces occupations include all jobs held by members of the armed forces.
Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations.
Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities.
Technicians and associate professionals perform mostly technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations.
Clerical support workers record, organise, store, compute and retrieve information, and perform a number of clerical duties.
Service and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, protection against fire and unlawful acts; or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments.
Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, gather wild fruits and plants, breed, tend or hunt animals, produce a variety of animal husbandry products, cultivate, conserve and exploit forests, breed or catch fish, cultivate or gather other forms of aquatic life.
Craft and related trades workers apply specific knowledge and skills to construct and maintain buildings, form metal, erect metal structures, set machine tools, and fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools.
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers
Plant and machine operators and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control, drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment, or assemble products from component parts.
Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort.
Chief Executives, Senior Officials and Legislators
Chief executives, senior officials and legislators formulate government policy, exercise governmental functions, direct the activities of enterprises and organizations, and act as representatives of the people.
Administrative and commercial managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations.
Production and Specialised Services Managers
Production and specialised services managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the activities of production and specialised service operations.
Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers
Hospitality, retail and other services managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the activities of hospitality, retail and other service operations.
Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, and apply knowledge of the physical sciences, mathematics, engineering and technology.
Health professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, and apply knowledge of medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy and health promotion to diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans.
Teaching professionals plan, direct and undertake the teaching of children, students and adults at different educational levels.
Business and Administration Professionals
Business and administration professionals plan, organize, direct and coordinate the activities of business and administration.
Information and Communications Technology Professionals
Information and communications technology professionals conduct research, plan, design, develop, implement, manage and maintain information and communications technology systems.
Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals
Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, develop concepts and methodologies in legal, social and cultural fields, and apply these concepts and techniques.
Science and Engineering Associate Professionals
Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and the application of concepts and operational methods in the physical sciences, earth sciences, engineering and technology.
Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans, and to assist health professionals.
Business and Administration Associate Professionals
Business and administration associate professionals perform technical tasks related to the practical application of concepts and operational methods in business and administration.
Legal, Social, Cultural and Related Associate Professionals
Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals perform technical tasks related to the practical application of concepts and operational methods related to law, social work, culture, sports and religion.
Information and Communications Technicians
Information and communications technicians install, maintain and control information and communications technology systems.
General and keyboard clerks record, organize, store, compute and retrieve information, and perform clerical duties.
Customer services clerks deal directly with clients concerning money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information and appointments.
Numerical and material recording clerks record and retrieve numerical data and information.
Other clerical support workers perform clerical tasks not elsewhere classified.
Personal service workers provide personal services related to travel, housekeeping, catering and personal care.
Sales workers sell goods in wholesale and retail establishments and provide sales-related services.
Personal care workers provide care and support to people in need of care due to age, illness, injury, disability or other conditions.
Protective services workers provide protection against fire and unlawful acts.
Market-oriented Skilled Agricultural Workers
Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, gather wild fruits and plants, breed, tend or hunt animals, and produce a variety of animal husbandry products, primarily for sale or delivery to purchasers.
Market-oriented Skilled Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers
Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers cultivate, conserve and exploit forests, breed or catch fish, hunt wild animals, primarily for sale or delivery to purchasers.
Subsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Gatherers
Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, tend animals, catch fish, gather wild fruits and plants or hunt animals principally for own consumption and that of their households.
Building and Related Trades Workers, Excluding Electricians
Building and related trades workers, excluding electricians, construct, maintain and repair buildings and other structures using traditional and modern building techniques and materials.
Metal, Machinery and Related Trades Workers
Metal, machinery and related trades workers form, shape, assemble, maintain and repair metal constructions, machinery, tools and related equipment.
Handicraft and printing workers plan, design and make handicrafts and printing products.
Electrical and Electronic Trades Workers
Electrical and electronic trades workers fit, install, repair and maintain electrical and electronic equipment.
Food Processing, Wood Working, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers
Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers process food, work with wood, make garments and perform other craft activities.
Stationary plant and machine operators operate and monitor large industrial machinery and equipment.
Assemblers assemble finished products from component parts.
Drivers and mobile plant operators drive motor vehicles and operate mobile machinery and equipment.
Cleaners and helpers clean and maintain premises and equipment, and provide various support services.
Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers perform simple and routine tasks related to agriculture, forestry and fishery.
Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport
Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine tasks related to mining, construction, manufacturing and transport.
Food preparation assistants perform simple tasks related to food preparation and service.
Street and Related Sales and Service Workers
Street and related sales and service workers provide various goods and services in streets and other public places.
Refuse Workers and Other Elementary Workers
Refuse workers and other elementary workers collect and dispose of refuse and perform other elementary tasks.
Legislators and senior officials formulate government policy, laws, and regulations; oversee their implementation; and represent the people as elected representatives.
Managing directors and chief executives plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations.
Business Services and Administration Managers
Business services and administration managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate business services and administration activities.
Sales, Marketing and Development Managers
Sales, marketing and development managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the sales, marketing and development activities of enterprises and organizations.
Physical and Earth Science Professionals
Physical and earth science professionals conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in the physical and earth sciences.
Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians
Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories, concepts and methods.
Life science professionals conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in the life sciences.
Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology)
Engineering professionals (excluding electrotechnology) research, design, develop and improve materials, products, machines, installations and processes.
Electrotechnology engineers research, design, develop and improve electrical and electronic systems, machines, installations and products.
Architects, Planners, Surveyors and Designers
Architects, planners, surveyors and designers plan and design landscapes, buildings, infrastructure, interiors and objects.
Medical doctors study, diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine.
Nursing and midwifery professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate nursing and midwifery care services for patients and the community.
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals
Traditional and complementary medicine professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate traditional and complementary health care and treatment.
Paramedical practitioners provide technical support to medical doctors, nursing and midwifery professionals and other health professionals.
Veterinarians diagnose, treat and prevent illness, injury and dysfunction in animals.
Other health professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate health care and treatment not elsewhere classified.
University and Higher Education Teachers
University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher education institution.
Vocational education teachers organize and provide instruction to students in one or more subjects at technical and vocational education levels.
Secondary education teachers organize and provide instruction to students in one or more subjects at secondary education level.
Primary School and Early Childhood Teachers
Primary school and early childhood teachers organize and provide instruction designed to give students a sound basic education in reading, writing and mathematics and an elementary understanding of other subjects.
Other teaching professionals provide non-formal education for adults and young people outside the formal education system and other teaching services.
Physical and Engineering Science Technicians
Physical and engineering science technicians perform technical tasks to support physical and engineering science professionals in their research and in the practical application of their knowledge and techniques.
Mining, Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors
Mining, manufacturing and construction supervisors coordinate and supervise the activities of workers in the fields of mining, manufacturing and construction.
Process control technicians operate sophisticated equipment to monitor and control industrial production processes.
Life Science Technicians and Related Associate Professionals
Life science technicians and related associate professionals perform technical tasks to support life science professionals in their research activities and in the practical application of their knowledge and techniques.
Ship and Aircraft Controllers and Technicians
Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians control ship and aircraft movements and perform technical tasks related to the operation of ships and aircraft.
Medical and pharmaceutical technicians perform technical tasks to support medical doctors and other health professionals in diagnosing, treating and preventing illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans.
Nursing and Midwifery Associate Professionals
Nursing and midwifery associate professionals provide basic nursing and midwifery care, treatment and support services under the guidance of nursing and midwifery professionals and medical doctors.
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals
Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals provide traditional and complementary health care, treatment and support services under the guidance of traditional and complementary medicine professionals.
Veterinary technicians and assistants provide technical and practical support to veterinarians in their professional duties.
Other health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support health professionals in areas not elsewhere classified.
General office clerks perform a range of clerical and administrative tasks in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, and appointments.
Secretaries (general) perform a variety of administrative and clerical tasks in connection with the day-to-day running of an office or organization.
Keyboard operators enter, update and retrieve electronic data and information using computer keyboards and other data entry devices.
Travel Attendants, Conductors and Guides
Travel attendants, conductors and guides provide personal services to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on aircraft, ships, trains, buses and other vehicles.
Cooks prepare and cook food in restaurants, cafeterias, hospitals and other establishments.
Waiters and bartenders serve food and beverages in restaurants, bars, cafeterias and other eating and drinking establishments.
Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related Workers
Hairdressers, beauticians and related workers provide hairdressing, beauty treatment and related personal services.
Building and housekeeping supervisors coordinate and supervise the activities of building caretakers and housekeeping staff.
Other personal services workers provide personal services not elsewhere classified.
Building Frame and Related Trades Workers
Building frame and related trades workers construct, erect, install, maintain and repair building frames and related structures made of wood, steel, concrete and other materials.
Building Finishers and Related Trades Workers
Building finishers and related trades workers apply finishes to building interiors and exteriors and install fixtures and fittings.
Painters, Building Structure Cleaners and Related Trades Workers
Painters, building structure cleaners and related trades workers paint buildings and other structures, and clean exterior surfaces of buildings and other structures.
Mining and Mineral Processing Plant Operators
Mining and mineral processing plant operators operate and monitor machinery and equipment used to extract solid minerals from the earth and to process mined materials.
Metal Processing and Finishing Plant Operators
Metal processing and finishing plant operators operate and monitor machinery and equipment to process and finish metal products.
Chemical and Photographic Products Plant and Machine Operators
Chemical and photographic products plant and machine operators operate and monitor machinery and equipment to produce chemical and photographic products.
Domestic, Hotel and Office Cleaners and Helpers
Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers clean and maintain private households, hotels, offices and other commercial and industrial establishments.
Vehicle, Window, Laundry and Other Hand Cleaning Workers
Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers wash or dry-clean textiles, fur and leather products, clean vehicles, windows and other surfaces by hand.
Helpers in food preparation assist in the preparation of food and beverages for immediate consumption.
Legislators research, draft, debate and vote on the enactment of laws and policy; represent the electorate and perform related tasks.
Senior government officials formulate and administer government policy and regulations; ensure their implementation and advise government; and represent government in negotiations and at official functions.
Traditional Chiefs and Heads of Villages
Traditional chiefs and heads of villages lead and represent communities according to traditional custom and practice; act as custodians of traditional culture and values.
Senior Officials of Special-Interest Organizations
Senior officials of special-interest organizations formulate and administer the policies and programs of special-interest organizations.
Finance managers plan, direct and coordinate financial activities and services within an organization.
Human resource managers plan, direct and coordinate human resource management activities within an organization.
Policy and planning managers plan, direct and coordinate policy development and strategic planning activities within an organization.
Business Services and Administration Managers Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers Business Services and Administration Managers not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 121 Business Services and Administration Managers.
Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and coordinate sales and marketing activities.
Advertising and Public Relations Managers
Advertising and public relations managers plan, direct and coordinate advertising and public relations activities.
Research and development managers plan, direct and coordinate research and development activities of an enterprise or organization.
Physicists and astronomers conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in physics and astronomy.
Meteorologists study and forecast weather and atmospheric conditions.
Chemists conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods in chemistry.
Geologists and geophysicists conduct research on the composition, structure and other physical aspects of the Earth.
Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists and Related Professionals
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals study living organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment.
Farming, Forestry and Fisheries Advisers
Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers study and develop techniques for increasing productivity of farms, forests and fisheries.
Environmental protection professionals study and assess the effects of human activities on the environment and develop plans and solutions to prevent or solve environmental problems.
Industrial and production engineers design, organize and improve industrial production systems and processes.
Civil engineers design, plan and organize the construction and maintenance of buildings, roads, bridges and other civil engineering structures.
Environmental engineers apply principles of engineering, soil science, biology and chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems.
Mechanical engineers design, develop, test and oversee the production of mechanical devices, systems and processes.
Chemical engineers design, develop and oversee industrial processes that involve the transformation of raw materials into useful products.
Mining Engineers, Metallurgists and Related Professionals
Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals design and develop techniques and equipment for extracting, treating and processing metals and minerals.
Engineering Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers engineering professionals not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 214.
Electrical engineers design, develop and supervise the installation, operation and maintenance of electrical systems for power generation, transmission and distribution.
Electronics engineers design, develop and supervise the installation, operation and maintenance of electronic systems and equipment.
Telecommunications engineers design, develop and supervise the installation, operation and maintenance of telecommunications systems and equipment.
Building architects plan and design buildings and advise on the construction, renovation and restoration of buildings.
Landscape architects plan and design the use of available space for parks, recreational facilities, highways, airports and other properties.
Product and garment designers design and develop manufactured products and garments.
Town and traffic planners develop plans and policies for the use of land and the growth and renewal of urban, rural and regional areas.
Cartographers and surveyors collect, analyze, interpret and map geographic information.
Graphic and multimedia designers design and develop graphic and multimedia material for use in publications, displays, advertising material, film and television productions, games and websites.
Generalist medical practitioners diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans.
Specialist medical practitioners diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans, using specialized knowledge and skills in a particular area of medicine.
Nursing professionals provide treatment, support and care services for people who are in need of nursing care due to the effects of ageing, injury, illness or other physical or mental impairment, or potential risks to health.
Midwifery professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate midwifery care services before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth.
Dentists diagnose, treat and prevent diseases, injuries and other impairments of teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues.
Pharmacists prepare and dispense medicinal drugs and pharmaceutical preparations.
Environmental and Occupational Health and Hygiene Professionals
Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals assess, plan and implement programs to identify, prevent and control environmental factors that may affect human health.
Physiotherapists assess, plan and implement rehabilitative programs to improve or restore human motor functions, maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, and treat or prevent physical challenges.
Dietitians and nutritionists plan and conduct food and nutrition programs to assist in the promotion of health and control of disease.
Audiologists and speech therapists develop, plan and implement programs for the treatment of speech, language, voice, communication and swallowing disorders.
Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians test eyes and vision, diagnose vision problems and eye diseases, and design, fit, dispense and repair corrective lenses and frames.
Health Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers health professionals not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 226.
Chemical and Physical Science Technicians
Chemical and physical science technicians conduct tests and experiments, and provide technical support to physical and earth science professionals.
Civil engineering technicians provide technical support and services to civil engineers in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of civil engineering structures and systems.
Electrical engineering technicians provide technical support and services to electrical engineers in the design, development, installation, operation and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment.
Electronics engineering technicians provide technical support and services to electronics engineers in the design, development, installation, operation and maintenance of electronic systems and equipment.
Mechanical engineering technicians provide technical support and services to mechanical engineers in the design, development, production and testing of mechanical machinery and equipment.
Chemical engineering technicians provide technical support and services to chemical engineers and assist in chemical research, development and production.
Mining and metallurgical technicians provide technical support to mining engineers and metallurgists and assist in the development, testing and operation of mining and metallurgical processes and equipment.
Draughtspersons prepare detailed technical drawings, plans and diagrams based on sketches and specifications prepared by engineers, architects and designers.
Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified in Minor Group 311.
Typists and word processing operators use typewriters, personal computers or word processing equipment to transcribe and type correspondence, reports, manuscripts and other documents.
Data entry clerks enter coded, statistical, financial and other numerical data into electronic equipment using keyboards or optical scanning devices.
Travel attendants and travel stewards provide personal services to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on aircraft, ships, trains, buses and other vehicles.
Transport conductors collect fares and tickets, control access to transport vehicles, and ensure order and safety in public transport operations.
Travel guides organize and conduct tours for individuals and groups within and between cities, regional areas and countries.
Field crop and vegetable growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field crops and vegetables.
Tree and shrub crop growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest tree and shrub crops.
Gardeners, Horticultural and Nursery Growers
Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers grow and care for plants in gardens and commercial nurseries.
Mixed crop growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest a variety of field crops, vegetables and tree and shrub crops.
House builders construct, maintain and repair houses and similar small buildings using either traditional or modern building techniques and materials.
Bricklayers and related workers lay bricks, concrete blocks, stone and similar materials to construct or repair walls, foundations, partitions, arches and related structures.
Stonemasons, Stone Cutters, Splitters and Carvers
Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers cut, shape, dress and carve stone for building, ornamental, monumental and other purposes.
Concrete Placers, Concrete Finishers and Related Workers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers place and finish concrete for foundations, floors, roads and other structures.
Miners and quarriers extract solid minerals from underground or surface mines and quarries.
Mineral and Stone Processing Plant Operators
Mineral and stone processing plant operators operate and monitor machinery to crush, grind, mix and treat extracted minerals and stone.
Well Drillers and Borers and Related Workers
Well drillers and borers and related workers operate and monitor machinery to drill wells and boreholes for the extraction of crude oil, natural gas, water and other liquids or gases, or for other purposes.
Domestic cleaners and helpers sweep or vacuum, wash and polish, make beds, and undertake other domestic duties in private households.
Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments
Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments clean and maintain offices, hotels and other commercial and industrial establishments.
Crop farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in support of agricultural activities such as planting, tending and harvesting crops.
Livestock farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in support of animal husbandry activities.
Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in support of mixed farming activities involving both crops and livestock.